Word+Wall

Pre-Glossary of Mathematics



How this works is we will collaborate by developing a glossary of math terms and their definitions as we go...

Coefficient- is the number before a variable such as 5a, then the coefficient will be 5. -CA4A

__ Additive Inverse of a Number: __ The opposite of a number, monomial, or polynomial. For example, the additive inverse of 12 is –12. The additive inverse of –3x is 3x. The sum of a number and it's additive inverse will always be 0. //-AG2B//

__**Roster-**__ a list of elements in a set, separated by commas and surrounded by {French curly braces} Ex: {1,2,3,4} {-15,0,1} -CS4A

__**Interval Notation-**__ an alternative to expressing your answer **as an inequality** because it connects a subset of numbers.r -CS4A

__**Set-Builder-**__ a mathematical shorthand for precisely stating all numbers of a specific set that possess a specific property. -CS4A

__**Union-**__ is the set of those elements in A, in B, or in BOTH A and B. ***Think "marriage" or "joining"*** -CS4A

__**Intersection-**__ is the set of those elements in common to BOTH sets. ***Think "intersect" or "overlap"*** -CS4A

__**Radical-**__ is a term/expression that contains a square root. -CS4A

__**Variable-**__ a letter that represents a number. -CS4A

__**Variable Expression or Algebraic Expression-**__ an expression that contains at least one variable. -CS4A

__**Term-**__ a number, a variable, or a product of numbers and variables. -CS4A

__**Inequality-**__ a statement the consists of two mathematical expressions joined by and inequality symbol.

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Formula-**__ a literal equation in which each variable represents a specific quantity.

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Literal Equation-**__ an equation that contains two or more variables. You can use inverse operations to solve for one variable //in terms// of others __ exponent: __ the exponent is that smaller number above a variable or number. raising a number to a power means multiplying that number as many time s as the power staes. for example: if the problem says to raise 3 to the fourth power you would do; 3x3x3x3! (be careful not to multply by the exponent; 3 to the 2nd power is 9 not 6) ~JV4A

__ Sample Space- __ the amount of possible outcome that something has. ex- rolling a die- {1,2,3,4,5,6} Tossing a coin- {Heads Tails}-CA4A

__ Empirical- __ based on observed, what YOU see, "experimental.-CA4A

__ Theoritical- __ based on what is expected to happen, "theoretically speaking" -CA4A <span style="color: #ff00f4; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="color: #ff00f4; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__tree diagram__** - a picture that organizes data/statistics by putting different variables on the branches of the diagram.

<span style="color: #ff00f4; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**permutation** - the order of a set of data in a specific sequence. -md 2B

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Percent-**__ The word percent means "per 100", "out of 100", or "divided by 100" -CS4A

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Probability-**__ is a measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. -CS4A

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Tree Diagram-__** is a visual representation of the possible outcomes of a probability problem. -CS4A

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Compliment (in probability)-**__ the **compliment** of an event is all the outcomes in the sample space that are **not included** on the event. -CS4A

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Mutually Exclusive Events-**__ two events are **mutually exclusive** if there are no outcomes common to both events. -CS4A

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Factorial Notation-**__ is used when you need to work with a series of factors, each being one less than the previous factor, which reads as __**n-factorial**__. -CS4A

__undefined__ - when the denominator in a fraction is equal to zero. md 2b

 * __rational number__ - a fraction or a quotient of 2 numbers. -md 2b**
 * __rational equation__ - expressed as a quotient of 2 polynomials. -md 2b**

extrapolate - to predict outside information from the given data -md2b

slope - gradient, incline; used to describe the measurement of the steepness of a straight line. -md2b

parallel - lines that have the same slope -md2b

perpendicular - lines that have negative reciprocal slopes. -md2b regular polygons - polygons whose sides are all the same length and whose angles are all the same size. -md2b triangle - polygon with 3 sides quadrilateral - polygon with 4 sides pentagon - polygon with 5 sides hexagon - polygon with 6 sides heptagon/septagon - polygon with 7 sides octagon - polygon with 8 sides nonagon - polygon with 9 sides decagon - polygon with 10 sides dodecagon - polygon with 12 sides -md2b

perimeter - the distance around the outside of a figure / the sum of all the sides of a figure. -md2b area - the bounded area inside of a figure. -md2b circumference - the distance around the outside of a circle. -md2b angle of elevation - measured from the ground UP. Always INSIDE of the triangle. angle of depression - Always measured from OUTSIDE the triangle.
 * angle of elevation is equal to the angle of depression** -md2b

exponential growth { y = a(1+r)^x } - a constant rate of rapid growth which is applied to a continuously growing base over a measure of time. -md2b expontential decay { y = a(1-r)^x } - a constant rate of rapid decrease which is applied to a continuously decreasing base over a measure of time. -md2b Exponential functions ingredients: a = initial amount before measuring growth/decay r = growth/decay rate (often a percent) *convert to a decimal* x = number of time intervals that have passed (years) -md2b